There are three Esdras, Tobit, Judith, the first and second Maccabees, the Wisdom of Solomon, and Sirach in the Apocrypha. Specifically we do not agree on the Old Testament (OT) canon - the list of Books inspired by God. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99. Nevertheless, all through the Middle Ages it maintained an intermediate position between canonical and merely human compositions, and even after the Council of Trent, together with Third Esdras, was placed in the appendix to the official edition of the Vulgate. It exhorts to faith and courage. According to this, Abgar V, Toparch or King of Edessa, suffering from an incurable disease, and having heard the fame of Christs miracles sends a courier to Jerusalem, bearing a letter to Jesus, in which he declared Him to be a god, or the son of a god, and invites Him to Edessa, justifying the request partly by his desire to be cured, partly by his wish to offer to Jesus an asylum against the malignant Jews. As disciples of Jesus we are called to continually grow, learn, serve, and be fruitful in ways that bring glory to God. It deals in part with the same problems, viz., the sufferings of the theocratic people, and their ultimate triumph over their oppressors. In other cases, where the assumed name did not stand as a symbol of a type of a certain kind of literature, the intention was not without a degree of at least objective literary dishonesty. The dominant critical dating assigns it to a Jew writing in the reign of Domitian, A.D. 81-96. The Apocrypha refer to texts which are left out of officially sanctioned versions ('canon') of the Bible. At a very early period orthodox writers and, presumably, ecclesiastical authorities found it necessary to distinguish between the genuine inspired books and a multitude of spurious rivalsa fact which is a very important element in the formation of the Christian canon. Tobit Judith Wisdom Ecclesiasticus Baruch First and Second Maccabees Additions to Esther and Daniel Apocryphal Books rejected by the Catholic Religion: First and Second Esdras Prayer of Manasses Susanna* *A reader says: "Susanna is in the Roman Catholic canon. The Apocrypha is a nebulous term for these books that were added in later. 1 Next let us praise illustrious men, our ancestors in their successive generations. It deals with the adventures of Thecla, a young woman of Iconium, who upon being converted by St. Pauls preaching, left her bridegroom and lived a life of virginity and missionary activity, becoming a companion of St. Paul, and preaching the Gospel. They are the books of Tobit, Judith, I and II Maccabees, the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), and Baruch. An echo of the ancient condemnations occurs in the work De Festis B. M. V. of Benedict XIV, declaring certain popular apocrypha to be impure sources of tradition. It is four lines in length.Pseudo-Epistles of St. Paul. Peter and Paul. ), who will allow at most a probability that certain brief sections appertain to a Gospel of the Twelve Apostles, written originally in Greek and current among Gnostic Ebionites as early as the second century. They abound in extravagant and highly colored marvels, and were interspersed by long pretended discourses of the Apostles which served as vehicles for the Gnostic predications. There are reasons of weight to regard the work as having been composed, together with the Acts of St. Peter, and probably those of St. Andrew, by a single person, in the latter half of the second century, under the name of a disciple of St. John, called Leucius. Its data, however, are so vague that it is impossible to fix the time of its composition. The Book of Judith is also in the historical section of the Catholic Old Testament. The victory is awarded to Zorobabel (Zerubbabel), who defends Truth as the strongest force, and the audience shouts: Great is Truth and powerful above all things! (Magna est veritas et prtsvalebit.) The ideal city of Jerusalem is then represented (4:5-29) as the solicitous mother of all exiles, who is assured in the name of God that all her children will be restored by her (4:30- 5:9). In 1899 Monsignor Rahmani, Patriarch of the United Syrians, published from a late MS. the Syriac text, a Latin introduction and translation. Although in the Middle Ages these condemnations were forgotten and many of the pseudographic writings enjoyed a high degree of favor among both clerics and the laity, still we find superior minds, such as Alcuin, St. Bernard, St. Thomas Aquinas, pointing out their want of authority. This consists of eight pretended letters from the Stoic philosopher Seneca, and six replies from St. Paul. It is also common knowledge among scholars that Daniel suffers from similar glaring historical inaccuracies, e.g. The Apostles are preternaturally transported from different quarters of the globe to the Virgins deathbed, those who had died being resuscitated for the purpose. It differs in some particulars always in the direction of the more marvellous. By a misunderstanding, the authorship of the whole, under the title Historia Certaminis Apostolorum, was ascribed to an Abdias, said to have been the first Bishop of Babylon and a disciple of the Apostles. These are the negative aspects of the modern application of the name; on its positive side it is properly employed only of a well defined class of literature, putting forth scriptural or quasiscriptural pretensions, and which originated in part among the Hebrews during the two centuries preceding Christ and for a space after, and in part among Christians, both orthodox and heterodox, in the early centuries of our era. (See Apostolic Churches; Saint Andrew, Apostle. The Bible needs a visible, external authority guided by the Holy Spirit to define both the OT and NT Canons. It is problematic, however, whether this is to be identified with our recast Transitus or not. to the defeat of Nicanors army (161 B.C.) Accordingly it may be accepted as highly probable that in its original meaning an apocryphal writing had no unfavorable import, but simply denoted a composition which claimed a sacred origin, and was supposed to have been hidden for generations, either absolutely, awaiting the due time of its revelation, or relatively, inasmuch as knowledge of it was confined to a limited esoteric circle. It professes to be a revelation given to Moses by the Angel of the Face. ); a Gospel of Barnabas, a Gospel of Thaddeus, a Gospel of Eve, and even one of Judas Iscariot, the last in use among the Gnostic sect of Cainites, and which glorified the traitor. But even when it is transcendent and mystic it is intensely, almost fanatically, national, and surrounded by fanciful and often extravagant accessories. There is a Greek Acts of Thaddeus, which identifies Addai with Thaddeus or Lebbus, one of the Twelve. The translation of the remains of St. Thomas to Edessa in 232 may have furnished the inspiration for the composition. There are probable traces of the Henoch literature in other portions of the New Testament. From this Pauline apocalypse must be distinguished a Gnostic work entitled the Ascension of Paul, referred to by St. Epiphanius, but of which no remains have survived. But we possess three individual Acts under different names, which prove to be orthodox recensions of an original comprehensive Gnostic whole. The doctrinal parts occur in a framework of an account of the missionary journeys. The Septuagint (LXX) - Except II Esdras. The MSS. Not to mention the Shepherd of Hermas, the Acts of St. Paul (at least in the Thecla portion) and the Apocalypse of St. Peter were highly revered at this and later periods. In general their details are scientifically worthless, unless confirmed by independent authorities, which rarely happens. The Fourth Book of Esdras is sometimes called by non-Catholics Second Esdras, as they apply the Hebrew form, Ezra, to the canonical books. Some of the details throw interesting light on various obscure allusions in Holy Writ, such as the superimposed heavens, the presence of evil powers in heavenly places, Ezechiels strange creatures full of eyes. It begins with a pretended flight of St. Paul from Antioch of Pisidia, and ends with his martyrdom at Rome. This book review was written by Hank Griffith of South Suburban Evangelical Free Church in Apple Valley, Minnesota. This authority is the Magisterium of the Catholic Church. Many Fathers admitted the inspiration of Fourth Esdras. The apocryphon in all its present forms extravagantly magnifies the Divine aspect of the boy Jesus. Pilate at the time believing this, delivered Him to them. Whereas 1st Maccabees covers the period from the beginning of the reign of Antiochus IV (around 175 B.C.) As for the letter of Abgar, its genuineness was formerly favored by many skilled in this literature, but since the discovery of the Teaching of Addai, published in 1876, the presumption against the authentic character of Abgars epistle, owing to the close resemblance of a portion to passages in the Gospels, has become an established certainty. This is also styled by non-Catholics the First Book of Esdras, since they give to the first canonical Esdrine writing the Hebrew form Ezra. Thaddeus, or Addai, one of the seventy disciples, is sent, after the Resurrection, in compliance with Christs promise, to Abgar, heals the ruler and Christianizes Edessa with the most prompt and brilliant success. Since the narrative of a Gaulish pilgrim who visited Edessa about 390 contains no allusion to such a picture, we may reasonably conclude that the Teaching of Addai is of later origin. The passage relates to a vision granted by Christ to the Twelve on a mountain, exhibiting the glory of two departing brethren, the splendor of heaven, and a gruesome picture of hell. The scanty citations which have been preserved in the Fathers indicate a tendency towards the Encratite condemnation of marriage, and a pantheistic Gnosticism. The following list is the 7 books that the Catholics include that the Protestants do not. Allegedly the Catholic Church added to the OT that Jesus used. These pseudographs may be as old as the fifth century. The Psalms of Solomon are of value in illustrating the religious views and attitudes of the Pharisees in the age of Our Lord. Thus, the principal divisions of the book are seen to be (1) prayer of the exiles (1:1-3, 8); (2) praise of wisdom in the law of Moses (3:9-4:4); (3) Jerusalem bewails and consoles her captive children (4:5-29); (4) Jerusalem consoled : the captivity about to end (4:30 5:9); (5) the letter of Jeremiah against idolatry (6:1-72.) We have no other testimony of it. Baumstark assigns it to the fifth century. In editions of the Vulgate antedating the Council of Trent it was placed after the books of Paralipomenon. The antediluvian patriarch Henoch according to Genesis walked with God and was seen no more, because God took him. Of theological importance are the authors teachings on (1) the resurrection of the just on the last day (7:9, 11:14,23, and 14:46), (2) the intercession of the saints in heaven for people on earth (15:11-16), and (3) the power of the living to offer prayers and sacrifices for the dead (12:39-46.) Below is a brief summary of each of them: Recently R. James in the Journal of Theological Studies, 1901, II, 572-577, claims to have found a fragment of this lost apocryphon in Latin and Old English versions. Pseudo-Correspondence of St. Paul and Seneca. Learned opinion differs as to whether the prayer which has come down to us was written in Hebrew or Greek. 9. The MS. breaks off abruptly at chapter xii, and the portion cited by Jude must have belonged to the lost conclusion. See the separate article under this title. However, many Catholics familiar with the Apocrypha believe the Uriel is one of the four unnamed archangels. The book is lengthy. What is the Apocrypha? Some of the archangels in the bible are very well known, while others have been forgotten to history. The Catholic Church uses the Book of Sirach extensively in her liturgy. The first councils to accept the Apocrypha were only local ones without ecumenical force. Its a fascinating story that perhaps has some lessons to teach us. There is a very systematic chronology according to the years, weeks of years, and jubilees. (See Canon of the Old Testament.) The work, therefore, has been ascribed to the second century. Below is a brief summary of each of them: The Book of Tobit is included in the historical section of the Catholic Old Testament right after Nehemiah. It mingles many bizarre details concerning the celestial realm, the angels, and stars, with advanced ideas on mans destiny, moral excellence, and the punishment of sin. The relation between the Gospel according to the Hebrews and our canonical Matthew Gospel is a matter of controversy. APOCRYPHA OF JEWISH ORIGIN WITH CHRISTIAN ACCRETIONS, (2) Pilate Literature and Other Apocrypha Concerning Christ. These manuscripts show that the Septuagint with its larger and looser canon was the OT "Bible" of the early Church. At its close occurs the final judgment, which inaugurates a blessed immortality in heaven for the righteous. 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