A question that we are asked all of the time is if COMSOL Multiphysics can model laser-material interactions and heating. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. In cases where the material is opaque, or very nearly so, at the laser wavelength, it is appropriate to treat the laser as a surface heat source. Stay tuned! Additionally, we must concern ourselves with the relative scale as compared to the wavelength of light. 1. If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? In this approach, light is treated as a ray that is traced through homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and lossy materials. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. Which field should I use for the simulation, the scattered field has Gaussian beam background wave type or full-field? Company Description: FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP Z O O is located in Wrocaw, dolnolskie, Poland and is part of the Water, Sewage and Other Systems Industry. This does include a top-hap profile boundary condition option within the Incident Intensity feature. Imagine I excite a laser beam in frequency domain, I solve the problem for all frequencies of interest, can I get with an inverse Fourier Transform ( FREQUENY TO TIME ) the Reflectivity as a function of time or/and space? I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. The laser itself is not explicitly modeled, and it is assumed that the fraction of laser light that is reflected off the material is never reflected back. The beam envelope method can be combined with the Heat Transfer in Solids interface via the Electromagnetic Heat Source multiphysics couplings. Liquids and gases (and plasmas), of course, can also be heated by lasers, but the heating of fluids almost always leads to significant convective effects. Introduction This series of tutorials show how to simulate laser heating of glass. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. Finally, if the heated structure has dimensions comparable to the wavelength, it is necessary to solve the full Maxwells equations without assuming any propagation direction of the laser light within the modeling space. 2. (The wavelength is 1064nm and the spot size is 20 um). (The wavelength is 1064nm and the spot size is 20 um). A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. This model example illustrates applications of this type that would nominally be built using the following products: however, additional products may be required to completely define and model it. The tutorial forms part of a video series . Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Before starting to model any laser-material interactions, you should first determine the optical properties of the material that you are modeling, both at the laser wavelength and in the infrared regime. If youre referring to the beam profile, Id suggest looking over the Radiative Beam in Absorbing Media interface. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. Basically, you need to define two different zones and couple them with a boundary condition. This technique is suitable for modeling heat transfer within a material, where there is significant heat flux inside the material due to radiation. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. What may help: go to "Community" on the COMSOL website. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. Close to the top of the listing is a simulation of the laser as a moving heat source. There are 5 companies in the FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP . Hello Walter, If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. 1- A spherical nanoparticle While many different types of laser light sources exist, they are all quite similar in terms of their outputs. Can anyone guide me through the procedure to follow for it? When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. As the light passes through lossy materials (e.g., optical glasses) and strikes surfaces, some power deposition will heat up the material. The intensity at the incident side and within the material are plotted, along with the mesh. A laser beam focused in a cylindrical material domain. If the materials under consideration are transparent to laser light, it is likely that they are also partially transparent to thermal (infrared-band) radiation. In this video, you learn how to model Heat Transfer effects caused by a single laser pulse in COMSOL Multiphysics. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. Email: support@comsol.com, I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL. How should I model this? When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. Is the Microwave heating physic suitable for use in this case? FORTUM POWER AND HEAT POLSKA SP Z O O has 419 employees at this location and generates $222.77 million in sales (USD). This information will be useful in guiding you toward the appropriate approach for your modeling needs. 3. Both modules can solve for laminar and turbulent fluid flow. The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. Dear Amir, Define the laser heat source only in the solid zone,. Is the Microwave heating physic suitable for use in this case? can you help me about that please. hello Laser light heating a gold nanosphere. Solid materials can be either partially transparent or completely opaque to light at the laser wavelength. Despite the nomenclature, the RF Module and the Microwave Heating interface are appropriate over a wide frequency band. Depending upon the degree of transparency, different approaches for modeling the laser heat source are appropriate. This is the case when modeling a focused laser light as well as waveguide structures like a Mach-Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. Is there any procedure to follow to accomplish this? https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL Multiphysics can you please help me on the step by step approach of the Simulation. The finite element mesh only needs to be fine enough to resolve the temperature fields as well as the laser spot size. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. The absorption within domains is modeled via a complex-valued refractive index. One-dimensional multipulse laser machining of structural alumina: evolution of surface topography. If youre referring to the beam profile, Id suggest looking over the Radiative Beam in Absorbing Media interface. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for QUALITY HEAT SP Z O O of Wrocaw, dolnolskie. At surfaces, you can use a reflection or an absorption coefficient. If the material interacting with the beam has geometric features that are comparable to the wavelength, we must additionally consider exactly how the beam will interact with these small structures. A good example to build upon is: listed if standards is not an option). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68, 6983 (2013). Which one is the best for Laser Ablation? You could simply add heat transfer in solids, and then use the laser-heating multiphysics coupling. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. You could simply add heat transfer in solids, and then use the laser-heating multiphysics coupling. A laser beam focused through two lenses. The resultant surface heat source is shown. The interface also includes various boundary conditions for modeling convective heat transfer to the surrounding atmosphere or fluid, as well as modeling radiative cooling to ambient at a known temperature. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. https://www. Im trying to obtain an output very similar to the one illustrated in this post but I cant get the Laser Heating coupling quite right. The resultant surface heat source is shown. The finite element mesh only needs to be fine enough to resolve the temperature fields as well as the laser spot size. Dear Amir, Any of these properties can be temperature dependent. Email: support@comsol.com, I want to model Laser cutting and Laser drilling using COMSOL. Typically, the output of a laser is also focused into a narrow collimated beam. But, f you want some inspiration for such cases, see: https://www.comsol.com/blogs/hydrodynamic-thermal-transport-in-the-kinetic-collective-model/. The answer, of course, depends on exactly what type of problem you want to solve, as different modeling techniques are appropriate for different problems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4709-8For consultations, contact us at:E-mail: info@nemantu.co.za / chemisimcorner@gmail.com A laser beam focused through two lenses. To determine the right combination of products for your modeling needs, review the Specification Chart and make use of a free evaluation license. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. A good example of using the Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain interface: Modeling the losses in a gold nanosphere illuminated by a plane wave, as illustrated below. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. Especially since this domain is of a homogeneous material illuminated by a steady beam, and would not have features sizes comparable to the phonon and IR wavelengths nor short-time duration phenomena that might motivate a more complex thermal model, such as a Cattaneo-type equation . Please advise. Is there a blog entry or tutorial model for the beam envelope method? Today, we will discuss various approaches for simulating the heating of materials illuminated by laser light. 2 Video Discussions on Multiphysics Simulation of Optics and Photonics, Developing a Silicon MEMS Chip for On-Demand DNA Synthesis, Modeling a Pacemaker Electrode in COMSOL Multiphysics. In general this problem can be solved in a lot and different geometries using ports. It is, however, also quite easy to manually set up such a surface heat load using only the COMSOL Multiphysics core package, as shown in the example here. The scenarios investigated are: - Stationary laser with constant power - CW mode - Stationary laser with pulsed power - Pulsed mode - Moving laser with constant power - CW mode Assumptions This is most easily done with the Deposited Beam Power feature (shown below), which is available with the Heat Transfer Module as of COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.1. The appropriate way to set up such a model is described in our earlier blog entry Modeling Laser-Material Interactions with the Beer-Lambert Law. Laser Heating of a Silicon Wafer Application ID: 13835 A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. The transient thermal response of the wafer is . Particular functionality may be common to several products. In some cases, you may expect that there is also a fluid that provides significant heating or cooling to the problem and cannot be approximated with a boundary condition. In cases where the material is partially transparent, the laser power will be deposited within the domain, rather than at the surface, and any of the different approaches may be appropriate based on the relative geometric sizes and the wavelength. Solid materials can be either partially transparent or completely opaque to light at the laser wavelength. It would be very helpful if there was an example in similar description format as the one using the Beer-Lambert Law. Best. In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. Hello adried, Note that you can also solve a time-domain model, as in: https://www.comsol.com/model/time-to-frequency-fft-analysis-of-a-distributed-bragg-reflector-89811. These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. You should also know the relative sizes of the objects you want to heat, as well as the laser wavelength and beam characteristics. A laser beam focused through two lenses. Instead, we can use the radiation in participating media approach. Stay tuned! Laser heating of a semitransparent solid modeled with the Beer-Lambert law. I have some questions: For instances where you are expecting significant radiation between the heated object and any surrounding objects at varying temperatures, the Heat Transfer Module has the additional ability to compute gray body radiative view factors and radiative heat transfer. et al. The question is quite simple , in RF (frequency domain) we can find , A(), R() , () : absorption ,refrection and transimition as a function of frequency. A silicon wafer is heated up by a laser that moves radially in and out over time. These techniques do not directly solve Maxwells equations, but instead treat light as rays. This collimated, coherent, and single frequency light source can be used as a very precise heat source in a wide range of applications, including cancer treatment, welding, annealing, material research, and semiconductor processing. 1- A spherical nanoparticle Can anyone guide me through the procedure to follow for it? 2- An optical fiber cable Mit der Anmeldung erklre ich mich damit einverstanden, dass COMSOL meine Daten gem meinen Prferenzen und wie in der Datenschutzerklrung von COMSOL beschrieben erfasst, speichert und verarbeitet. If the laser is very tightly focused, then a different approach is needed compared to a relatively wide beam. Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. As the light passes through lossy materials (e.g., optical glasses) and strikes surfaces, some power deposition will heat up the material. A constant radiation hits an slab and part of that is transferred through the slab, part is absorbed within the slab and part is reflected. Available in the core COMSOL Multiphysics package, this interface is suitable for modeling heat transfer in solids and features fixed temperature, insulating, and heat flux boundary conditions. Instead, we can use the radiation in participating media approach. A surface heat source assumes that the energy in the beam is absorbed over a negligibly small distance into the material relative to the size of the object that is heated. Im trying to obtain an output very similar to the one illustrated in this post but I cant get the Laser Heating coupling quite right. When you expect the temperature variations to be significant, you may also need to consider the wavelength-dependent surface emissivity. This example investigates the electrical performance of a cascaded cavity filter operating in the millimeter-wave 5G band with temperature changes. If the materials under consideration are transparent to laser light, it is likely that they are also partially transparent to thermal (infrared-band) radiation. Then I can attach the two models together. Happy modeling! Beer-Lambert Law If the heated objects and the spot size of the laser are much larger than the wavelength, then it is appropriate to use the Beer-Lambert law to model the absorption of the light within the material. Please advise. Both of these material properties can be functions of temperature. An example of this approach from our Application Gallery can be found here. Please help me or recommend the related topic! Liquids and gases (and plasmas), of course, can also be heated by lasers, but the heating of fluids almost always leads to significant convective effects. Is there any procedure to follow to accomplish this? Laser light is very nearly single frequency (single wavelength) and coherent. This is demonstrated in our Rapid Thermal Annealing tutorial model. In addition, the wafer itself is rotated on its stage. In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. A laser beam focused through two lenses. This collimated, coherent, and single frequency light source can be used as a very precise heat source in a wide range of applications, including cancer treatment, welding, annealing, material research, and semiconductor processing. With the full-field, now I dont know how to put the laser beam into the model. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. This would be a question which would be appropriate to ask directly to your COMSOL Support Team. In cases where the material is partially transparent, the laser power will be deposited within the domain, rather than at the surface, and any of the different approaches may be appropriate based on the relative geometric sizes and the wavelength. At surfaces, you can use a reflection or an absorption coefficient. https://www.comsol.com/model/self-focusing-14639 More related official tutorial videos of COMSOL:1. https://www.comsol.com/video/introduction-to-modeling-heat-transfer-in-comsol-multiphysics2. Modeling the temperature rise and heat flux within and around the material additionally requires the Heat Transfer in Solids interface. For those interested in using this approach, this tutorial model from our Application Gallery provides a great starting point. Happy modeling! Hello Alison, You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version These couplings are automatically set up when you add the Laser Heating interface under Add Physics. The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating. Do you have example for top-hat square model? The tutorial forms part of a video series aimed at demonstrating laser machining fundamentals using finite element analysis (FEA).Reference Article: Vora, H.D., Santhanakrishnan, S., Harimkar, S.P. I have some questions: In this blog post, we have looked at the various modeling techniques available in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment for modeling the laser heating of a solid material. A question that we are asked all of the time is if COMSOL Multiphysics can model laser-material interactions and heating. It is, however, also quite easy to manually set up such a surface heat load using only the COMSOL Multiphysics core package, as shown in the example here. For this, you will want to explicitly model the fluid flow using the Heat Transfer Module or the CFD Module, which can solve for both the temperature and flow fields. The full-wave approach requires a finite element mesh that is fine enough to resolve the wavelength of the laser light. listed if standards is not an option). A laser beam focused in a cylindrical material domain. When laser light hits a solid material, part of the energy is absorbed, leading to localized heating. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. I need help in designing the optical cable with a nanoparticle attached at its one end and study the effect of passing a laser through it. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version How can I describe the laser beam as Gaussian beam in Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency domain? I want to simulate phase change with laser heating over metal ( solid material ) to see how laser melt it. Hello Alison, Within this blog post, we will neglect convection and concern ourselves only with the heating of solid materials. The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as a spatially distributed heat source on the surface. For questions related to your modeling, please contact our Support team. In some cases, you may expect that there is also a fluid that provides significant heating or cooling to the problem and cannot be approximated with a boundary condition. When using a surface heat load, you must manually account for the absorptivity of the material at the laser wavelength and scale the deposited beam power appropriately. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version I have problem modeling radiation heat transfer in a slab. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support If the heated objects are much larger than the wavelength, but the laser light itself is converging and diverging through a series of optical elements and is possibly reflected by mirrors, then the functionality in the Ray Optics Module is the best option. Laser light heating a gold nanosphere. Mehr lesen In this video, you learn how to model a moving laser heat source (pulsed and continuous wave mode) in COMSOL Multiphysics. The CFD Module, however, has certain additional turbulent flow modeling capabilities, which are described in detail in this previous blog post. The Deposited Beam Power feature in the Heat Transfer Module is used to model two crossed laser beams. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-472. hello You may follow a similar approach in COMSOL. Online Support Center: https://www.comsol.com/support 2. In this approach, light is treated as a ray that is traced through homogeneous, inhomogeneous, and lossy materials. Especially since this domain is of a homogeneous material illuminated by a steady beam, and would not have features sizes comparable to the phonon and IR wavelengths nor short-time duration phenomena that might motivate a more complex thermal model, such as a Cattaneo-type equation . Any of these properties can be temperature dependent. The beam envelope method solves the full Maxwells equations when the field envelope is slowly varying. can you help me about that please. I was thinking of drawing two separate geometries:- Do you have example for top-hat square model? If the heated domain is large, but the laser beam is tightly focused within it, neither the ray optics nor the Beer-Lambert law modeling approach can accurately solve for the fields and losses near the focus. listed if standards is not an option). Now Im modeling the nano pulsed laser heating a nano-object to predict the temperature of the object and the air around it. The lenses heat up due to the high-intensity laser light, shifting the focal point. Also what I find interesting and very valuable is a 3D guassian Maxwell representation for a laser. Furthermore, this example may also be defined and modeled using components from the following product combinations: The combination of COMSOL products required to model your application depends on several factors and may include boundary conditions, material properties, physics interfaces, and part libraries.
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